Last Updated on November 29, 2022
Hadoop is an open-source platform for distributed data processing that handles huge amounts of data and storage for programmes running in a clustered setting. Structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data can all be managed with Hadoop. Compared to conventional relational database management systems (RDBMS), it offers customers more freedom for data collection, processing, and analysis.
Advanced analytics tools like predictive analytics, data mining, and machine learning are made available to big data experts by Hadoop. It is made up of the Hadoop YARN task scheduling and resource management framework and the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS), which stores, manipulates, and distributes data across several nodes.
Definition of a Hadoop Cluster
An open-source, Java-based software framework and parallel data processing engine is called Apache Hadoop. By employing an algorithm (like the MapReduce method) and distributing the smaller tasks over a Hadoop cluster, it makes it possible to break down large-scale analytics processing activities into smaller tasks that may be carried out concurrently. A Hadoop cluster is a group of connected computers, or “nodes,” that are used to carry out these kinds of parallel operations on massive amounts of data.
Contrary to traditional computer clusters, Hadoop clusters are made for storing and processing enormous amounts of organised and unstructured data in a distributed computing environment. Hadoop ecosystems differ from other computer clusters in terms of their architecture and structure.
A network of interconnected master and slave nodes using low-cost, high-availability commodity hardware makes up a Hadoop cluster. They are well suited for big data analytics tasks with data sets that have a wide range in size because of their linear scaling capabilities and ability to add or remove nodes fast in response to volume demands.
Hadoop Cluster Architecture
Networks of master and worker nodes make up Hadoop clusters, which coordinate and carry out numerous tasks across the Hadoop distributed file system. The name node, secondary name node, and job tracker are three components of the master nodes that often run on distinct pieces of higher-end hardware.
The actual work of storing and processing the jobs as instructed by the master nodes is performed by the workers, which are virtual machines running both the DataNode and TaskTracker services on common hardware. The Client Nodes, the last component of the system, are in charge of loading the data and obtaining the results.
Components of a Hadoop Cluster
A Hadoop cluster has three components which are discussed below:
Master Node
Data storage in HDFS and parallel processing using MapReduce are the responsibilities of the master node in a Hadoop cluster. Master Node has 3 nodes – NameNode, Secondary NameNode and JobTracker. While the NameNode manages the HDFS data storage task, JobTracker keeps track of the MapReduce-based parallel data processing. NameNode keeps track of all the metadata about files, including the access time, the user who is now accessing the file, and the file’s location in the Hadoop cluster. The backup NameNode maintains the NameNode data.
Slave/Worker Node
This component in a Hadoop cluster is in charge of data storage and computation. To connect with the Master node in the cluster, each slave/worker node in the cluster runs both a TaskTracker and a DataNode service. The TaskTracker service is subordinate to the JobTracker, while the DataNode service is subordinate to the NameNode.
Client Nodes
The client node is in charge of loading all the data into the Hadoop cluster because it has installed Hadoop and has all the necessary cluster configuration settings. Client nodes submit MapReduce tasks that specify how data should be processed, and once the job processing is complete, the client nodes obtain the output.
Hadoop Clusters Properties
Scalability
Hadoop clusters may easily scale up or down in terms of the number of nodes, such as servers or generic hardware. Let’s look at an illustration of what this scalable attribute actually entails. Consider a scenario in which a company needs to analyse or maintain 5 PB of data over the course of the next two months. To do this, the company used 10 nodes (servers) in its Hadoop cluster. However, since the company acquired additional data this month totalling 2 PB, it is now necessary to build up or increase his Hadoop cluster system’s server count from 10 to 12 (for the sake of argument). Scalability is the ability to increase or decrease the number of servers in a Hadoop cluster.
Speed
Because the data is dispersed throughout the cluster and because of its data mapping capabilities, specifically its MapReduce architecture, which operates on the Master-Slave phenomenon, Hadoop clusters are particularly effective at working at a very fast speed.
Flexibility
One of the key characteristics of a Hadoop cluster is this. The Hadoop cluster can manage any form of data, regardless of its type or structure, according to this characteristic. This characteristic enables Hadoop to process any kind of data from online web platforms.
Economical
The distributed storage strategy used by Hadoop clusters, in which the data is dispersed among all of the cluster’s nodes, makes them extremely cost-effective. In order to increase storage, we would only need to install one more piece of inexpensive hardware storage.
No Data-loss
A Hadoop cluster can replicate the data on another node, therefore there is zero probability that any node will experience data loss. Therefore, even if a node fails, no data is lost because a backup copy of that data is kept on file.
Types of Hadoop Clusters
1. Single Node Hadoop Cluster
As the name suggests, a single node makes up a single cluster in a Hadoop setup. This means that all of our Hadoop daemons, including Name Node, Data Node, Secondary Name Node, Resource Manager, and Node Manager, will run on the same system or machine. Additionally, it means that a single JVM (Java Virtual Machine) Process Instance will manage all of our processes.
2. Multiple Node Hadoop Cluster
Hadoop clusters with multiple nodes have several nodes as the name implies. All of our Hadoop Daemons will be stored in this type of cluster configuration on various nodes throughout the cluster. In a multi-node Hadoop cluster setup, we often aim to use our faster processing nodes for the Master, such as the Name node and Resource Manager, and we use the more affordable system for the slave Daemons, such as Node Manager and Data Node.
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